LM358 Dual Operational Amplifier IC | Pro Tronix

Product Description

The LM358 Dual Operational Amplifier IC is an industry-standard, low-power dual op-amp integrated circuit designed to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. It consists of two independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated operational amplifiers inside a single package. The IC is specifically engineered to operate directly off standard single-supply voltage rails (such as +5V DC) without requiring a dual split power supply (+/-15V), making it ideal for battery-powered systems, signal generators, audio preamplifiers, and microcontroller interface circuits.

Featuring a common-mode input range that includes ground, the LM358 can sense input signals near 0V directly. It consumes low supply current regardless of supply voltage magnitude, minimizing overall system power consumption. The high gain and wide bandwidth make it suitable for transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks, active filters, audio signal conditioning circuits, and analog sensor interfaces. Housed in a compact 8-pin DIP package, it is a foundational component for general-purpose analog electronics.

⚠️ Circuit Design Tip: Although the LM358 input common-mode range includes Ground (0V), its output voltage cannot swing completely to the positive supply rail (VCC). The maximum output voltage typically tops out around VCC – 1.5V. If you are powering the IC with +5V, your maximum analog output voltage will be around +3.5V. If your circuit requires full rail-to-rail output swing up to +5V, consider adding a pull-up resistor or using a true Rail-to-Rail op-amp like the LMC6482/TLV2372.

Technical & Architecture Highlights

This general-purpose operational amplifier provides versatile analog signal conditioning:

• Dual Independent Op-Amps: Two fully functional operational amplifiers in a single DIP-8 IC package.

• Single or Dual Supply Operation: Runs on single supply rails (3V to 32V DC) or split supplies (+/-1.5V to +/-16V DC).

• Ground-Sensing Inputs: Common-mode input range includes ground (0V), eliminating negative bias supply requirements for basic sensor circuits.

• Internally Frequency Compensated: Designed for stable operation in unity-gain feedback configurations without external compensation capacitors.

• Breadboard-Friendly Package: Standard 8-pin Dual In-Line Package (DIP-8) for quick prototyping on breadboards and socket headers.

🧰 Prototyping & Audio Setup (Recommended Bundle)

Building sensor amplifiers, audio tone generators, active filters, or buzzer/speaker alert circuits? Make sure you add these essential components to your cart to wire up and test your LM358 circuit:

1. Solderless Breadboard: The essential foundation for setting up op-amp circuits, feedback resistors, and audio drivers without soldering: Pro Tronix Breadboards Collection

2. Jumper Wires & Cables: High-quality male-to-male wire packs to route signals between the LM358 pins, speakers, power rails, and microcontrollers: Pro Tronix Wires & Cables Collection

3. Resistor Assortment (1/4W Metal Film): Required for configuring op-amp gain (Av = 1 + Rf/Rin), voltage dividers, and current-limiting feedback loops.

4. Capacitor Kit (Ceramic & Electrolytic): Needed for DC-decoupling supply noise (100 nF), coupling AC audio signals, and designing active low-pass / high-pass filters.

LM358 Internal Architecture & Voltage Limits Summary

Key Terms:

• VCC: Positive Power Supply Voltage Pin.

• VICR: Voltage range allowed at the non-inverting (+) and inverting (-) input pins.

• Differential Input: Supports input voltage differences up to +/-32V DC.

LM358 Pinout Description & Terminal Functions

• Pin 1 – Output 1: Output terminal of Operational Amplifier 1.

• Pin 2 – Input 1 (-) [Inverting]: Inverting input terminal of Operational Amplifier 1.

• Pin 3 – Input 1 (+) [Non-Inverting]: Non-inverting input terminal of Operational Amplifier 1.

• Pin 4 – GND / VCC-: Ground reference terminal for single supply operation (0V), or negative supply rail for dual supply operation.

• Pin 5 – Input 2 (+) [Non-Inverting]: Non-inverting input terminal of Operational Amplifier 2.

• Pin 6 – Input 2 (-) [Inverting]: Inverting input terminal of Operational Amplifier 2.

• Pin 7 – Output 2: Output terminal of Operational Amplifier 2.

• Pin 8 – VCC+: Positive power supply input pin (+3V to +32V DC).

Common Circuit Configuration Modes

1. Audio / Signal Preamplifier: Amplifies low-level microphone or transducer signals to drive downstream audio stages and small speakers.

2. Non-Inverting Amplifier: Amplifies small positive analog sensor signals (e.g., strain gauges, photodiode current) without inverting polarity.

3. Voltage Follower (Buffer): Provides high input impedance and low output impedance (1:1 gain buffer) to isolate sensitive high-impedance inputs.

4. Voltage Comparator: Compares an input signal against a reference threshold voltage to generate digital HIGH/LOW trigger outputs for microcontrollers or buzzers.

Applications

• Audio Tone Generators & Small Amplifiers: Driving mini speakers, buzzers, and alarm modules.

• Sensor Signal Conditioning: Amplifying weak signals from temperature sensors (LM35, thermocouples), LDR light sensors, and microphones.

• Active Audio & Analog Filters: Low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass active filter networks.

• Current Sensing & Comparators: Over-current detection circuits, battery level indicators, and zero-crossing detectors.

Technical Specifications

What’s in the Box

• 1 x LM358 Dual Operational Amplifier IC (DIP-8).

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